cattle

英 ['k?t(?)l] 美['k?tl]

CET4TEM4考研CET6中低頻詞核心詞匯家畜家禽

復數(shù):?cattle;

cattle 菜牛

來自capital, 資產(chǎn)，資本，因牛在農(nóng)耕社會有著無比重要的作用而引申此詞義。比較castor，海貍。

cattle: cattle: [13] Ultimately, cattle is the same word as chattel [13], and when it first entered English it had the same meaning, ‘property’. From earliest times, however, it was applied specifically to livestock thought of as property. In the Middle Ages it was a wide-ranging term in animal husbandry, being used for horses, sheep, pigs, and even poultry and bees, as well as cows, and such usages survived dialectally until comparatively recently, but from the mid 16th century onwards there is increasing evidence of the word’s being restricted solely to cows.

Its ultimate source is medieval Latin capitāle ‘property’, which came to English via Old French chatel as chattel and via Anglo-Norman catel as cattle. Capitāle itself goes back to classical Latin capitālis (from caput ‘head’), from which English gets capital.
=> capital, chattel
cattle (n.): mid-13c., "property," from Anglo-French catel "property" (Old North French catel, Old French chatel), from Medieval Latin capitale "property, stock," noun use of neuter of Latin adjective capitalis "principal, chief" (see capital (n.1)). Compare sense development of fee, pecuniary. Sense originally was of movable property, especially livestock; it began to be limited to "cows and bulls" from late 16c.

1. The old stone cattle trough still sits by the main entrance.: 陳舊的石制牛食槽仍然放在大門口。

2. Outside, two old boys lingered on the street corner discussing cattle.: 兩個老頭兒在外面街角遲遲不走，聊著牛的事情。

3. Cowboys drove covered wagons and rode horses, lassoing cattle.: 牛仔們有的趕著大篷車，有的騎著馬，拋套索捕牛。

4. He had sought work as a cowboy, rounding up cattle.: 他找了一份放牛的差事，負責把牛趕到一起。