miniature

英 ['m?n?t??] 美['m?n?t??]

CET6TEM4GRE考研TOEFL中低頻詞擴展詞匯

復(fù)數(shù):?miniatures;

miniature 縮微模型，微型畫，細(xì)密畫

來自意大利語miniatura,小插圖，小插畫，來自拉丁語miniare,涂紅，來自minium,紅鉛。一種古羅馬時期的紅色涂料，類似于朱砂，在古代用于給手稿繪制插圖，引申詞義縮微模型，微型畫等。并由該詞衍生于常見前綴mini-,小的，短的。

miniature 縮微模型，微型畫，細(xì)密畫

miniature: miniature: [16] ‘Smallness’ is a purely secondary semantic development as far as miniature is concerned, inspired by its accidental similarity to the min- element of words like minimum and minute. It in fact comes ultimately from Latin minium ‘red lead’. Red lead was used in ancient and medieval times for making a sort of red ink with which manuscripts were decorated, and so the derived medieval Latin verb miniāre was coined for ‘illuminate a manuscript’.

Italian took this over as miniare, and derived miniatura ‘painting, illustrating’ from it. It referred particularly to the small paintings in manuscripts, and when English borrowed it as miniature it was soon broadened out to any ‘small image’. Association with minute, etc led by the early 18th century to its adjectival use for ‘small’.
miniature (n.): 1580s, "a reduced image," from Italian miniatura "manuscript illumination or small picture," from past participle of miniare "to illuminate a manuscript," from Latin miniare "to paint red," from minium "red lead," used in ancient times to make red ink, a word said to be of Iberian origin. Sense development is because pictures in medieval manuscripts were small, but no doubt there was influence as well from the similar-sounding Latin words that express smallness: minor, minimus, minutus, etc.
miniature (adj.): "small," 1714, from minature (n.). Of dog breeds, from 1889. Of golf, from 1893.

1. He activated the door with the miniature sonic transmitter.: 他用微型聲波發(fā)射器開啟了門。

2. His home in Bexley is tucked away in a miniature forest.: 他在貝克斯利的住宅坐落在一片小森林中。

3. If it can be done full-size, I can do it in miniature.: 如果可以做成與原物相同大小的，我就可以做成縮微的。